The two traditional methods are sieve analysis and hydrometer analysis.
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Soil gradation is determined by analyzing the results of a sieve analysis or a hydrometer analysis.
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Typically used in sieve analysis, as shape hypothesis ( sieve's mesh size as the sphere diameter ).
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Wet sieve analysis can be utilized where the material analyzed is not affected by the liquid-except to disperse it.
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In a sieve analysis, a coarse-grained soil sample is shaken through a series of woven-wire square-mesh sieves.
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The results of a sieve analysis are plotted as a grain size distribution curve, which is then analyzed to determine the soil gradation of the particular soil.
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Sieve analysis assumes that all particle will be round ( spherical ) or nearly so and will pass through the square openings when the particle diameter is less than the size of the square opening in the screen.
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A "'sieve analysis "'( or "'gradation test "') is a practice or procedure used ( commonly used in civil engineering ) to assess the particle size distribution ( also called " gradation " ) of a granular material.
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A sieve analysis can be performed on any type of non-organic or organic granular materials including sands, crushed rock, clays, granite, feldspars, coal, soil, a wide range of manufactured powders, grain and seeds, down to a minimum size depending on the exact method.
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For elongated and flat particles a sieve analysis will not yield reliable mass-based results, as the particle size reported will assume that the particles are spherical, where in fact an elongated particle might pass through the screen end-on, but would be prevented from doing so if it presented itself side-on.
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